In the current work with innovative combination of sonochemical method with freeze-drying technique graphene/Pd-doped
TiO2
nanocomposite was successfully synthesized which has high photocatalytic performance for degradation of Remazol
navy blue a textile azo-dye under visible-light radiation. In the designed method, the ultrasound waves were used for dispersion
of the Pd-doped TiO2
nanospheres between the graphene layers, which subsequent quick freezing of the obtained
suspension by liquid N2
results in the fixing of the positions of the Pd-doped TiO2
nanospheres and the good dispersion of
the graphene sheets in the nanocomposite. According to the obtained results, the freeze-dried sample has higher photocurrent,
surface area and photocatalytic performance than the conventional dried one. All of these results are related to the best
distribution of the graphene layers in the nanocomposite structure. Fast freezing of the graphene/nanoparticles suspension
prevents from the stacking (due to the π-stacking interactions) and aggregation of graphene layers during drying, and results
in the well distribution of graphene in the final nanocomposite.