Hojjat Emami

The vehicle detection and classification (VDC) problem has received much attention recently due to the increased security threats and the need to develop intelligent transportation systems. A large number of approaches have been proposed for the VDC problem using neural networks. To determine how neural networks-based approaches have developed for the VDC in recent years, this paper surveys the VDC approaches through a literature review with the range Jan. 2012 through Apr. 2021. To do this, we introduce a new comparison framework to classify and compare the VDC approaches. Our proposed framework is composed of nine comparison dimensions: input data type, vehicle type, scale, scope, dynamicity, vehicle detection method, vehicle classification method, application, and evaluation method. Next, using the proposed framework, we discuss the evolution of the VDC approaches and identify several open issues that have emerged in the field. This paper provides a guide for researchers to use or design robust VDC systems with proper characteristics based on their needs.