The synthesis of Cu/Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) was done by the sol-gel method. Next, NPs were used for the fabrication of PVC-Cu/Al2O3 nanocomposite membranes. The quantities of NPs were 0 and 1 wt. % of the solid phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate how PVC-Cu/Al2O3 nanocomposite membrane can be used to remove humic acid (HA) from wastewater in submerged membrane systems. Results revealed that the addition of 1 wt.% NPs to PVC (PCA1) led to higher hydrophilicity and porosity. Moreover, PCA1 exhibited an increased number of pores, with larger pores present on the top surface and larger macro-voids on the cross-sectional surface. The PCA1 exhibited the highest flux recovery ratio (FRR) and highest rejection rate for HA, with values of 82.6% and 92.6%, respectively. PCA1 demonstrated the higher antifouling performance.
