An image processing based technique was developed to measure volume and mass of citrus fruits such as
lemons, limes, oranges, and tangerines. The technique uses two cameras to give perpendicular views of
the fruit. An efficient algorithm was designed and implemented in Visual Basic (VB) language. The product volume was calculated by dividing the fruit image into a number of elementary elliptical frustums.
The volume is calculated as the sum of the volumes of individual frustums using VB. The volumes computed showed good agreement with the actual volumes determined by water displacement method. The
coefficient of determination (R2
) for lemon, lime, orange, and tangerine were 0.962, 0.970, 0.985, and
0.959, respectively. The Bland–Altman 95% limits of agreement for comparison of volumes with the
two methods were (1.62; 1.74), (7.20; 7.57), (6.54; 6.84), and (4.83; 6.15), respectively. The results
indicated citrus fruit’s size has no effect on the accuracy of computed volume. The characterization
results for various citrus fruits showed that the volume and mass are highly correlated. Hence, a simple
procedure based on computed volume of assumed ellipsoidal shape was also proposed for estimating
mass of citrus fruits. This information can be used to design and develop sizing systems.