An inrush current is a transient current that results from a sudden change in the exciting voltage across a transformer's windings. Reducing the inrush current of transformers is desirable due to mechanical stresses and negligent operation of protective relay systems such as differential relays. This paper investigates the application of a saturated-core transformer as an inrush current limiter (ICL). Analytical methods of inrush current and its electromagnetic forces on transformer windings with and without application of proposed ICL are presented. Also, the core saturation of the ICL and transformer, in addition to the voltage drop on the ICL in transient and steady states, are investigated. A single-phase transformer is modeled in two dimensions (2-D), and the forces due to inrush current are calculated by the finite element method (FEM) in Maxwell software. The radial and axial force distributions of transformer windings with and without the ICL are investigated. The results show the capability of ICL to limit the transformer inrush current and reduction of its electromagnetic forces. Our simulations demonstrate a significant reduction in inrush current (75 %) using the proposed Inrush Current Limiter (ICL). Additionally, the ICL effectively mitigates electromagnetic forces within the transformer. Compared to a scenario without ICL, the ICL reduces radial forces by 80 % and axial forces by a substantial 90 %. These findings suggest that the ICL offers a promising solution for mitigating both inrush current and the associated electromagnetic forces in power transformers.
