In this study, neodymium oxide nano powders were produced utilizing a new and facile process. To determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of neodymium oxide nano powders, the role of some fabrication parameters was evaluated. Outcome of this investigation revealed that the grain size and shape of neodymium oxide nanoparticles were significantly affected by the examined factors. The as-synthesized neodymium oxide nano powders were identified by FT-IR, FESEM, EDS and XRD. From the obtained outcomes, it was found that use of this new and facile process may be fabricated bundle-like neodymium oxide nanostructure with good homogeneity. Moreover, the photocatalyst activity of as-prepared neodymium oxide nanostructures was checked by decomposition of the organic pollution under UV light.