Water pollution caused by pharmaceuticals is a major concern that arises from various human actions such as industrial, medical, and domestic use. The presence of these pollutants in water bodies can lead to the deterioration of water quality, which in turn can affect human health. Therefore, it is essential to adopt new techniques to remove these pollutants from water. One effective process for eliminating pharmaceutical pollutants from water is the Fenton-based advanced oxidation process (AOP). Over the past few decades, iron-based catalysts have gained significant attention as efficient Fenton catalysts for pharmaceutical environmental applications due to their high catalytic activity, redox, and magnetic properties. This chapter aims to provide a summary of the treatment of wastewater produced by pharmaceutical industries using various Fe-based catalysts through the Fenton oxidation system. The integration and combination of the Fenton system with other AOPs, such as photo-Fenton (PF), sono-Fenton (SF), electro-Fenton (EF), sono-electro-Fenton (SEF), sonophoto-Fenton (SPF), and photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) have also been discussed and evaluated to achieve high-performance elimination of pharmaceutical pollutants. The chapter concludes with final remarks on the research challenges and prospects in this field.
