The field of second language (L2) learning has witnessed a significant surge in the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI), which offers a wide range of advantages that can greatly enhance the language acquisition process. AI technology encompasses various applications such as chatbots, virtual tutors, speech recognition systems, language learning apps, and adaptive learning platforms. These advantages of AI in L2 learning provide learners with personalized and interactive experiences, real-time feedback, authentic language input, and the opportunity to practice language skills in a secure and supportive environment. By harnessing the potential of AI, language learners can benefit from tailored instruction, effective assessment, and engaging learning activities, ultimately expediting their proficiency in L2. This study aims to provide a review of AI in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context by summarizing the affordances and challenges associated with six prevailing types of AI technologies, including natural language processing (NLP), automatic writing evaluation (AWE), computerized dynamic assessment, automatic speech recognition (ASR), chatbots, gamification, and virtual reality. Some potential avenues for future research were also recommended to provide fresh perspectives for forthcoming studies
