چکیده
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The plug-in electric vehicles and hydrogen storage systems containing electrolyzer, stored hydrogen
tanks and fuel cell as energy storage systems can bring various flexibilities to the energy management
problem. In this paper, selling price determination and energy management problem of an electricity
retailer in the smart grid under uncertainties have been proposed. Multiple energy procurement sources
containing pool market, bilateral contracts, distributed generation units, renewable energy sources (photovoltaic system and wind turbine), plug-in electric vehicles and hydrogen storage systems are considered. The scenario-based stochastic method is used for uncertainty modeling of pool market prices,
consumer demand, temperature, irradiation and wind speed. In the proposed model, the selling price
is determined and compared by the retailer in the smart grid in three cases containing fixed pricing,
time-of-use pricing and real-time pricing. It is shown that the selling price determination based on
real-time pricing and flexibilities of plug-in electric vehicles and hydrogen storage systems leads to
higher expected profit. The proposed model is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming that
can be solved under General Algebraic Modeling System. To validate the proposed model, three types
of selling price determination under four case studies are utilized and the results are compared.
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