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Abstract
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The Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shift, a transverse shift of reflected or transmitted beams that arises from spin-orbit interactions of light at interfaces, has been extensively studied in homogeneous and conventional layered structures; however, its exploration in temperature-responsive and tunable systems remains limited. This work investigates the IF shift of transmitted and reflected Gaussian beams in a layered structure incorporating graphene and VO₂ layers. The VO₂ layer exhibits a temperature-dependent phase transition, switching from an insulating to a metallic state, which significantly alters the optical properties of the structure. Graphene is modeled using a zero-thickness approximation, and the optical responses of the layered structure are analyzed through the transfer matrix method. At a wavelength of 100 μm (frequency of 3 THz), the transmission, reflection, and absorption coefficients, along with their corresponding phases, are calculated for horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarized incident light. The results demonstrate that the VO₂ phase transition notably modifies the IF shift, particularly for transmitted beams at 300 K and reflected beams at 350 K. The IF shift is most pronounced at near-normal incidence, with displacement values reaching up to 50λ (where λ is the incident wavelength). Furthermore, the combined effects of temperature and the presence of graphene lead to substantial changes in the displacement difference between right- and left-handed circular polarizations. These findings highlight the novelty and potential of graphene–VO₂ layered systems for tunable beam manipulation in terahertz photonic and sensing applications.
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